Composting is a simple, environmentally friendly way to reduce waste and create nutrient-rich soil for your garden. By composting, you can recycle organic materials like food scraps and yard waste into a valuable soil amendment that helps plants thrive. If you’re new to composting, this guide will walk you through the basics and help you successfully start your own compost pile.
Why Compost?
Composting offers a variety of benefits, including:
Reducing landfill waste – Organic matter makes up a significant portion of landfill waste. Composting helps divert this waste and reduce methane emissions.
Enriching soil – Compost improves soil structure, retains moisture, and provides essential nutrients for plants.
Encouraging beneficial organisms – Composting supports the growth of beneficial bacteria, fungi, and earthworms that contribute to soil health.
Saving money – Creating your own compost reduces the need for chemical fertilizers and soil amendments.
What Can Be Composted?
To ensure a successful compost pile, it’s important to know what materials can and cannot be composted. Compostable materials are divided into two main categories: greens and browns.
Greens (Nitrogen-rich materials)
These materials provide moisture and nitrogen, which are essential for microbial activity:
Fruit and vegetable scraps
Coffee grounds and filters
Tea bags (check for synthetic materials in the bags)
Grass clippings
Fresh plant trimmings
Browns (Carbon-rich materials)
These materials help provide structure and aeration while balancing the moisture content:
Dry leaves
Shredded newspaper and cardboard (avoid glossy paper)
Straw and hay
Sawdust (from untreated wood)
Twigs and small branches
Items to Avoid
Some materials should not be added to your compost pile because they attract pests, create odors, or introduce harmful pathogens:
Meat, dairy, and oily foods
Pet waste
Diseased plants
Weeds that have gone to seed
Glossy or treated paper products
How to Start a Compost Pile
Starting a compost pile is easy and requires just a few simple steps:
1. Choose a Composting Method
There are several ways to compost, depending on your space and needs:
Compost bin – A contained system that keeps your pile neat and manageable.
Compost pile – An open pile that is easy to maintain but may require more space.
Tumblers – Rotating bins that speed up decomposition and make turning easier.
2. Select a Location
Choose a well-drained, shady spot for your compost pile or bin. It should be easily accessible and have good airflow.
3. Layer Your Materials
Start by adding a layer of coarse browns (twigs or shredded cardboard) at the bottom to aid with drainage. Alternate layers of greens and browns, ensuring a balanced mix.
4. Maintain the Right Conditions
To promote decomposition, monitor and maintain the right conditions:
Moisture – The pile should be as damp as a wrung-out sponge. Water as needed.
Aeration – Turn the pile every few weeks to introduce oxygen and speed up decomposition.
Balance – Aim for a ratio of about 2 to 3 parts browns to 1 part greens to maintain a healthy compost.
5. Harvest Your Compost
After several weeks to months, your compost will become dark, crumbly, and earthy-smelling. Once fully decomposed, it’s ready to be used in your garden beds, potted plants, or as mulch.
Troubleshooting Common Composting Issues
Bad odor? Too much moisture or too many greens—add more browns and turn the pile.
Pile not breaking down? Not enough moisture or air—turn the pile and lightly water if needed.
Pests or rodents? Avoid adding food scraps like meat or dairy and keep a lid on your bin if necessary.
Composting is an easy and rewarding way to reduce waste and improve soil health. With just a little effort, you can turn everyday organic materials into nutrient-rich compost that benefits your garden and the environment. Start your composting journey today and contribute to a more sustainable planet!
